RESOURCES AND FUTURE RESEARCH

Bread stamps were tools used daily by a lot of people in antiquity. By better understanding bread stamps, we better understand the lifeways of everyday individuals in antiquity. Bread stamps were used as labels to market their goods, bread stamps were used as decoration to honor their Gods, and bread stamps were used to mark government property.

Annona:

Rickman, G. E. 1980. “The Grain Trade under the Roman Empire.” Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 36: 261–75. https://doi.org/10.2307/4238709.

Scapini, Marianna. 2015. “Studying Roman Economy and Imperial Food Supply. Conceptual and Historical Premises of the Study of the Economic Initiatives of the Emperors in the 1st and 2nd Century AD” Geryon. Journal of Ancient History 34: 217–48. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_GERI.2016.v34.53742.

Bakeries in Antiquity:

Diderot, Denis. 2008. "Baker." The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project. Translated by Malcolm Eden. Ann Arbor: Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan Library. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.did2222.0000.845.

Jasny, Naum. 1950. “The Daily Bread of the Ancient Greeks and Romans.” Osiris 9: 227–53. http://www.jstor.org/stable/301851.

Janzen, Kaylee. 2022. “Diet and Food Production.” in Houses and Households in Ancient Greece ed Allison Glazebrook; Samantha Fisher; and Shakeel Ahmed. Brock University, 2022.

Mahmoud, Hanan, Rabee Eissa, and James Taylor. 2015. Bread and Bakeries in The Heit el-Ghurab Site: An Introduction, in Sadarangani, F., and Witsell, A., (eds.) Settlement and cemetery at Giza: Papers from the 2010 AERA-ARCE Field school, North Manchester 15-31. Boston: Ancient Egypt Research Association.

Samuel, Delwen. 1989. “Their Staff of Life: Initial investigations on ancient Egyptian bread baking.” in Amarna Reports 253-290. London: Egypt Exploration Society.

Wodzinska, Anna. 2011. “The Ancient Egypt Research Associates Settlement Site at Giza: The Old Kingdom Ceramic Distribution.” In Old Kingdom, New Perspectives: Egyptian Art and Archaeology 2750-2150 BC, edited by Nigel Strudwick and Helen Strudwick, 304-14 Oxford UK: Oxbow Books.

Religious Bread and Stamps in Antiquity:

Bookidis, Nancy, Julie Hansen, Lynn Snyder, and Paul Goldberg. 1999. “Dining in the Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore at Corinth.” Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 68(1): 1–54. https://doi.org/10.2307/148389.

Caseau, Beatrice. 2012. “Magical Protection and Stamps in Byzantium.” Seals and Sealing Practices in The Near East. Developments in Administration and Magic from Prehistory to the Islamic Period. Edited by Ilona Regulski, Kim Duistermaat and Peter Verkinderen. 115 - 132.

Hamdy, Hany, Magdi Fekri, Heba Sobhi, and Maher Hamam. 2022. “Religious and Societal Importance of Bread Ovens inside the Temples of the New Kingdom.” BSU International Journal of Tourism Archaeology and Hospitality 2(2):190-202. DOI: 10.21608/ijtah.2022.147515.1003.

Loulis Museum. n.d. “Bread, Religions, and Tradition.” Accessed November 1, 2024. https://loulismuseum.gr/en/thematics/bread-religions-and-tradition.

Karatas, Aynur-Michèle-Sara. 2023. “The Sanctuaries and Cults of Demeter on Rhodes.” In Religion and Cult in the Dodecanese during the First Millennium BC: Proceedings of the International Archaeological Conference, edited by Manolis I. Stefanakis, Georgios Mavroudis, Fani K. Seroglou, and Maria Achiola, 296–322. Archaeopress. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.15135921.32.

Onderka, Pavel, Christian E. Loeben, Jaromír Leichmann, Národní muzeum v Praze, and Field Museum of Natural History. 2009. The Tomb of Unisankh at Saqqara and Chicago : Unis Cemetery North-West II. First edition. Prague: National Museum.

Bread Stamps in Antiquity:

di Segni, Leah, and Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah. 2012. “Three Military Bread Stamps from The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem.” ‘Atiqot (70): 21–32. https://www.academia.edu/87796995/Three_Military_Bread_Stamps_from_the_Western_Wall_Plaza_Excavations_Jerusalem?email_work_card=view-paper.

Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World (JIAAW). 2014. ”From the collections: A bread-stamp (Ian Randall).” https://sites.brown.edu/archaeology/2014/04/03/from-the-collections-a-bread-stamp-ian-randall/

Kakish, Randa. 2013. “Ancient Bread Stamps from Jordan.” Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 14(2):19-31.

Payne, Annick. 2017. “Bread Matters: Of Loaves and Stamps.” Historical Linguistics 130(1): 73-89. DOI: 10.13109/hisp.2017.130.1.73.

Peperaki, Olympia. 2016. “The Value of Sharing: Seal Use, Food Politics, and the Negotiation of Labor in Early Bronze II Mainland Greece.” American Journal of Archaeology 120 (1): 3–25. https://doi.org/10.3764/aja.120.1.0003.

Stamps in Antiquity:

Alho, Tommi, and Ville Leppänen. 2016. “Roman Brick Stamps: Evidence for the Development of Latin Case Syntax.” Glotta 92: 3–15. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24891252.

Bruun, Christer. 2012. “Stallianus, A Plumber from Pompeii (and other Remarks on Pompeian Lead Pipes).” Phoenix 66 (½): 145–57. https://doi.org/10.7834/phoenix.66.1-2.0145.

Jones, Cristopher P. 1987 “Stigma: Tattooing and Branding in Graeco-Roman Antiquity.” Journal of Roman Studies 77:139–55. DOI: 10.2307/300578.

Kyriakou, G., A. Kyriakou, Th. Fotas. 2021. “Dermatostiksia (tattoos): An Act of Stigmatization in Ancient Greek Culture.” Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas 112(10): 907-09. DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2021.09.004.

Bread in Antiquity:

Gopalakrishnan, Pratima. 2023. “Wives’ Work: Gender and Status in a List from the Mishnah.” Journal of Law and Religion 38 (3): 423–35.

Samuel, Delwen. 1989. “Their Staff of Life: Initial Investigations on Ancient Egyptian Bread Baking.” In Amarna Reports, 253-290. London: Egypt Exploration Society.

Interested in exploring bread stamps in the future? Below are listed resources to help.